- Multi-celled
- eukaryotes
- heterotrophic
- reproduce sexulally (some asexually
- Mobel at least one stage of life
- require oxygen for areobic respiration
Gut
- Region of digestion (food is absorbed
- Gastrovasular Cavity
- Complete digestive system
- has mouth opening
- has anus - to exspell waste
- Incomplete digestive system
- only one opening for food and waste
Development
- Fertilization
- Zygote
- Blastula
- blastopore develops and becomes anus or mouth
- mouth- protostomes
- Mollusks
- Annelids
- Arthropods
- anus- deuterostomes
Protosome embryo- spiral, determinate cleavage, if cells are missing it will effect development
Duterostome embryo- radial, indeterminated cleavage, (in people, identical twins, the zygote splits, and does not affect development
Undifferentied Cells- cells that are not differentiated into certain tissues
Ectoderm- develops into skin, sensory organs, nervous system
Endoderm- develops into digestive lining, and organs
Mesoderm- develops into skeleton, muscels and other parts
Larva- immature stage
Summary of development
- A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula,
which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula
larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups,
the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers -
an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. In most cases,
a mesoderm also develops between them.
These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs
Classified based on body symmetry,
Radial ____________________________________________________Bilateral
advantage of being responsive in all directions ______________________ Bilateral- have developed a head
_______________________________________________________________responsive from the front (anterior)
Also Classifed according to body cavity
- Coelomate animals have a fluid filled body cavity called a coelom (pronounced: sē'ləm) with a complete lining called peritoneum derived from mesoderm (one of the three primary tissue layers). Most bilateral animals, including all the vertebrates, are coelomates.
- Pseudocoelomate animals have a pseudocoel (literally “false cavity”). Tissue derived from mesoderm only partly lines the fluid filled body cavity of these animals. All pseudocoelomates are protostomes; however, not all protostomes are pseudocoelomates.
- Acoelomate animals, like flatworms, have no body cavity at all. Semi-solid mesodermal tissues between the gut and body wall hold their organs in place.
Nephons- kidneys
- human kidneys
- rid the body of excess
- H20
- Salts
- Toxins
- Nitorgen waste
- Amonia NH3
- Urea (primary)
- Guanine (dry habitat animals)
- Uric Acid (dry habitat animals)
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